By Shane Casey
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November 16, 2023
Enhancing Password Security and Authentication Practices Authentication, as defined by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST, 2023), is the process of verifying the identity of a user, process, or device, typically required before granting access to information system resources. Traditionally, this has been accomplished through one-factor authentication—something you know, such as a password or PIN. However, the evolving threat landscape has led to the adoption of multifactor authentication, which combines two or more authentication factors, enhancing security significantly. Multifactor Authentication: Strengthening Identity Verification Multifactor authentication typically involves combining something you know (like a password) with something you have (like a mobile token or key) or something you are (such as facial recognition or fingerprints). For instance, a common multifactor approach is combining a password (something you know) with a one-time PIN sent to your mobile phone (something you have). While multifactor authentication provides heightened security, it's essential to understand that it may impact system availability. Password Policy: A Critical Element Password policy plays a vital role in access administration. It sets the rules for password parameters, including length, complexity, age, and reuse. Recent Microsoft research highlights the importance of well-designed password policies, as overly frequent password changes can lead to predictability, with users selecting easily guessable passwords. Effective password policies and user training are essential to ensure that users grasp the responsibility they bear for safeguarding their passwords. Learning from Real-World Incidents Recent headlines, such as the Colonial Pipeline attack by the Darkside hacker group, underscore the significance of password and security policies. In this case, an employee's use of their company username and password on a compromised external site led to the breach, emphasising the need for robust security controls like two-factor authentication (2FA). This incident serves as a stark reminder of the potential consequences of lax password practices. The Role of Encryption Beyond password security, the way passwords and sensitive data are stored is crucial. Storing passwords in plain text or without encryption poses significant confidentiality and integrity risks if compromised. Encryption, the process of converting human-readable text into incomprehensible ciphertext, plays a pivotal role in modern IT systems. Various encryption techniques, including Secure Socket Layer (SSL) for web traffic and Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) for files, serve different purposes, utilising symmetric or asymmetric encryption methods as needed. Harnessing the Power of Hashing Hashing, though distinct from encryption due to the absence of a key and its non-reversible nature, is a valuable tool for document verification, digital signatures, and ensuring data integrity (NIST, 2022). Hash functions calculate a unique output, known as a hash digest, for input data of any size, making it a fundamental component of modern security practices. In conclusion, adopting multifactor authentication, implementing robust password policies, learning from real-world security incidents, and ensuring data encryption and hashing are fundamental steps toward enhancing your organisation's security posture in an ever-evolving digital landscape. Stay vigilant and informed to protect your digital assets effectively. Author: Shane Casey